防波堤复合土工薄膜防渗隔热研究     

陶同康  于龙 《海洋工程》1998,(1)

本文针对复合土工薄膜在电站防波堤作防渗和隔热体进行了研究,其防渗作用采用渗流与应力相结合的三维计算方法,给出了渗流场、应力应变等值线分布及热水渗流量,该渗流量在隔热计算中作为内部热源处理。结果表明,复合土工薄膜的防渗隔热效果是相当显著的。  相似文献   

The changing dynamics of rill erosion on sloping farmland during the different growth stages of a maize crop     

Jian Luo  Zicheng Zheng  Tingxuan Li  Shuqin He 《水文研究》2019,33(1):76-85

Rill erosion is a serious concern in the hilly region of China with purple soil, and maize is extensively cultivated in this region. Evaluations of the dynamic mechanisms of rill erosion in sloping farmland areas are particularly important during the maize growing season to determine whether rill erosion can occur. A new ridge tillage (RT) system was designed using local agricultural methods in China. Twelve artificial rainfall experiments were conducted in three 1 × 2 m experimental plots with a slope of 15°, which is a typical slope in the study area. The rainfall intensities were designated as 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm min^?1. The rainfall experiments were performed in the field to determine the characteristics of run‐off and sediment transport related to rill erosion processes during different stages of maize growth and to analyse how hydraulic parameters and the sediment yield of the rill erosion process are related. The results showed that rill flow patterns were mainly classified as subcritical transition flow during all the growth stages of maize. The effects of hydrodynamic parameters on the sediment yield were ordered as follows: Reynolds number > stream power > Froude number > shear stress. The total sediment yield varied by stage as follows: seedling stage > jointing stage > mature stage > tasseling stage. The sediment yield and run‐off rate exhibited a linear relationship that was well described at the hillslope scale. To initiate soil loss in sloping farmland areas with purple soil during the maize growing season, the critical hydrodynamic shear stress and stream power must be at least 46.505 Pa and 1.541 N m^?1 s^?1, respectively.  相似文献   

基于格子Boltzmann方法的斜坡堤越浪数值模拟研究     

李薪丰  张庆河  张金凤  刘光威 《海洋工程》2020,38(3):22-30

准确确定越浪量对于斜坡堤设计有重要意义。利用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM),并采用主动吸收式速度入口造波、出流边界消波、VOF方法追踪自由表面以及静态Smagorinsky模型模拟紊流运动,建立二维数值波浪水槽,对光滑斜坡堤上规则波与不规则波越浪进行数值模拟。模拟结果与试验值及其他数值模型结果比较表明,二维LBM数值波浪水槽具有模拟斜坡堤越浪的能力,但对于破碎较为剧烈的越浪过程模拟,该模型还存在一定的不足,未来可从提高自由表面模型精度等方面进一步改善其性能。  相似文献   

北京中关村科技园区丰台园东区基坑工程支护设计与施工          下载免费PDF全文

张红涛 《探矿工程》2020,47(3):64-68，74

目前多种支护方式组合在基坑支护工程中的使用越来越广泛。本文以北京丰台区中关村科技园区丰台园东区三期1516-36号地块项目基坑工程为例，根据现场实际需要选择了整体采用桩锚支护，在局部采用了土钉墙+大坡率放坡联合支护、大坡率放坡锚喷简易支护和悬臂桩支护等多种支护组合的型式。相关测绘单位第三方基坑监测显示均处于安全变形范围内，满足设计要求。  相似文献   

基于应变空间多机构CG模型的地震液化大变形数值分析     

周葛  刘汉龙  井合进  陈育民  飞田哲男 《岩土力学》2016,37(8):2417-2425

砂土液化导致的地基侧向大变形是地震中许多重要的工程设施和建筑物破坏的主要原因之一。简要介绍了可进行液化大变形分析的散粒体材料本构模型--应变空间多机构CG模型,基于FLIP ROSE程序平台,建立了预测和研究倾斜地基砂土液化导致侧向大变形的二维有限元数值分析方法。采用该模型对相同工况的土工动态离心模型试验进行了模拟,通过对比超孔隙水压力、剪切波水平加速度以及地基侧向位移发现,数值预测与试验结果吻合良好,从而验证了该有限元数值分析模型的可靠性。最后利用该数值分析模型预测了倾斜率不同的地基受到相同剪切波作用时,倾斜地基不同深度产生的侧向位移。预测结果显示,随着地基深度的减小,倾斜率对于地震液化导致倾斜地基侧向大变形的影响越来越显著。  相似文献   

Seasonal differences in seismic responses of embankment on a sloping ground in permafrost regions     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

Because of its direct influence on the amount of unfrozen water and on the strength of intergranular ice in a frozen soil, temperature has a significant effect on all aspects of the mechanical behavior of the active layer in which temperature fluctuates above and below 0 °C. Hence seismic responses of engineering structures such as embankment on a sloping ground in permafrost regions exhibit obvious differences with seasonal alternation. To explore the distinctive seismic characteristics of a railway embankment on the sloping ground in permafrost regions, a coupled water-heat-dynamics model is built based on theories of heat transfer, soil moisture dynamics, frozen soil mechanics, soil dynamics, and so on. A well-monitored railway embankment on a sloping ground in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is taken as an example to simulate seismic responses in four typical seasons in the 25th service year. The numerical results show that seismic acceleration, velocity and displacement responses are significantly different in four typical seasons, and the responses on October 15 are much higher among the four seasons. When the earthquake is over, there are still permanent differential deformations in the embankment and even severe damages on the left slope on October 15. Therefore, this position should be monitored closely and repaired timely to ensure safe operation. In addition, the numerical model and results may be a reference for maintenance, design and study on other embankments in permafrost regions.  相似文献   

山地丘陵坡地逆温效应对果树避冻的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

兰忠明  张辉  蔡文华 《山地学报》2009,27(2)

通过对3个县8个山坡地的考察,探索山地丘陵坡地逆温效应对果树避冻的影响。试验对三年来冬季观测到日最低温度（td）进行拟合处理,运用趋势线分析探究温差（△td）与相对坡位（G）之间的总体趋势,采用相关回归方差分析方法对△td与G进行差异显著性检验。结果表明：△td与G相关达到极其显著水平。对于高差（△H）〈50m的山坡,晴夜最低气温随高度的增加而增加,越近坡顶,最低气温越高;对于76m≤△H〈150m的山坡,在该山坡相对坡位0．63以上,晴夜最低气温常出现最高,逆温效应明显。总高差不足150m山坡最大逆温效应出现的坡位G与山坡总高差成反比,即随着△H的增加,最大逆温效应出现的坡位G值逐渐变小。利用这些结果进行果树科学合理建园,发展山区特色果业,对不耐寒果树安全避冻意义重大。  相似文献   

倾斜土层地震液化诱发大变形数值分析方法     

邵广彪  王华娟 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z1):1027-1031

基于有限元理论,进行了缓坡土层地震液化引起大变形的数值方法研究,即采用二维有效应力动力有限元方法进行分析,在液化分析过程的每一时段考虑地震液化和振动软化得到土单元的模量,通过非线性静力方法计算每时段地震液化引起的大变形,得到土层各深度处的水平和竖向位移。由算例分析了地震动和土层坡度等因素的影响,通过对比分析表明了该方法的有效性,可为工程场地地震地质灾害评价提供参考数据。  相似文献   

Discussion on Wave Transmission Coefficient Formulae of Submerged Breakwaters     

左其华  李鹏  滕玲  王登婷 《中国海洋工程》2010,24(1):57-66

Fifteen formulae of wave transmission coefficient for submerged breakwaters obtained during last 3 decades are presented,compared,and analyzed in this paper.The dimensionless parameters mainly involved in this discussion are the relative submerged depth Rc/h,relative wave height Rc/Hi,relative rubble size B/D50,relative breakwater width B/HiL0 and wave breaker index ξ.It indicates that there exist notable differences among the computed results,which mainly originate from the limited experimental conditions and different analytical methods,even though the major tendency keeps similar.It is necessary to conduct more systematic studies to obtain better understanding about the mechanism of wave transmission over submerged breakwaters.  相似文献   

Effects of terracing and agroforestry on soil and water loss in hilly areas of the Sichuan Basin,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. H. Zhang  Z. A. Su  G. C. Liu 《山地科学学报》2008,5(3):241-248

Soil erosion in hilly areas of the Sichuan Basin is a serious concern over sustainable crop production and sound ecosystem. A 3-year experiment was conducted using the method of runoff plots to examine the effects of terracing and agroforestry in farmland systems on soil and water conservation of slope fields in the hilly areas in Jianyang County, Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. A power function （Y = aX^b） can statistically describe the relationship between water runoff （Y） and rainfall （X）. The regression equation for the treatment of sloping terraces with crops （Plot 2） is remarkably different from that for the treatment of sloping terraces with grasses and trees （Plot 1） and the conventional up- and down-slope crop system （Plot 3） regarding equation coefficients, while regression equations are similar between Plot 1 and Plot 3. Water runoff amount and runoff coefficient of slope fields increased by 21.5-41.0 % and 27.5 - 69.7 % respectively, compared to those of sloping terraces, suggesting that terracing notably reduced the water runoff in the field. In the case of sloping terraces, lower amount of water runoff was observed on sloping terraces with crops than on sloping terraces with grasses and trees. Sediment yields on the slope fields in the normal year of rainfall distribution were notably higher （34.41 - 331.67 % and 37.06-403.44 % for Plot 1 and Plot 2, respectively） than those on sloping terraces, implying that terracing also plays a significant role in the reduction in soil erosion. It is suggested that terracing with crops is significantly effective for soil and water conservation in cultivated farmland, while the conventional practice of up- and down- slope cultivation creates high rates of water runoff and soil sediment transport. Terracing with grasses and fruit trees shows a less reduction in water runoff than terracing with crops, which was observed in the 3-year experiments.  相似文献